1-methyl anthraquinones and their biogenetic precursors from Stereospermum personatum

Two novel 1(17)-methyl anthraquinones, sterequinone-A and -D, their biogenetic precursors sterequinone-B, -C, and a new naphthoquinone sterequinone-E along with a known naphthoquinone, sterekunthal-B, have been isolated from the petroleum ether extract of stem bark of stereospermum personatum. Their structures were established using spectroscopic methods

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Not AvailableThe emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli with deleterious consequences to the health of humans and animals has been attributed to the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Without effective antimicrobials, the success of modern medicine in treating infections would be at an increased risk. Bacteriophages could be used as an alternative to antibiotics for controlling the dissemination of MDR bacteria. However, before their use, the bacteriophages have to be assessed for the safety aspect. In this study, three broad host range highly virulent coliphage genomes were sequenced, characterized for infective and lytic potential, and checked for the presence of virulence and resistance genes. The genome sequencing indicated that coliphages ϕEC-S-21 and ϕEC-OE-11 belonged to Myoviridae, whereas coliphage ϕEC-S-24 belonged to the Autographiviridae family derived from the Podoviridae family. The genome size of the three coliphages ranged between 24 and 145 kb, with G + C content ranging between 37 and 51%. Coding sequences (CDS) ranged between 30 and 251 amino acids. The CDS were annotated and the proteins were categorized into different modules, viz., phage structural proteins, proteins associated with DNA replication, DNA modification, bacterial cell lysis, phage packaging, and uncharacterized proteins. The presence of tRNAs was detected only in coliphage ϕEC-OE-11. All three coliphages possessed diverse infective and lytic mechanisms, viz., lytic murein transglycosylase, peptidoglycan transglycosylase, n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase, and putative lysozyme. Furthermore, the three coliphage genomes showed neither the presence of antibiotic resistance genes nor virulence genes, which makes them desirable candidates for use in phage therapy-based applications.Not Availabl

Coexistence curve and critical point wetting in the binary liquid mixture cyclohexane + acetonitrile

The coexistence curve of cyclohexane + acetonitrile, a binary liquid mixture with a very low gravity-affected region, is studied. The order parameter exponent β is nearly 0.325 and the diameter shows an anomalous behaviour. A pronounced wetting transition from complete wetting to incomplete wetting is observed below T<SUB>c</SUB>

Distributions of Some Elements in the Sediments of Gulf of Kutch

44-46Distribution patterns of calcium carbonate, aluminium, titanium, iron,manganese, nickel, cobalt, copper and zinc have been studied in the unconsolidated sediments of the Gulf of Kutch. Sediments are generally terrigenous in nature. With the exception of calcium carbonate and cobalt, relatively high concentrations of all other elements are associated with fine grained sediments as compared to coarse grained sediments. While the calcium carbonate in these sediments is of biogenic origin, all other elements seem to be of terrigenous origin. The similarity between the sediments of the Gulf of Kutch with those from the adjacent shelf region north of the Gulf in their chemistry indicates that the sediments coming from the north are brought into the Gulf